What is the matter?

What is the matter, molecules, atoms, electrons and protons?

Today, the scientific community had published hundred of theories about the phenomena of matter.

For example the rain: Rain is a type of precipitation, a product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour that is deposited on the earth's surface (answers.com). It is not something difficult to understand scientifically.


And of course, all of us, had seen rain many times in our life. So, the rain is something happening in the collected water at sky. 



And what is water?
"Water exists in three states- solid, liquid, and gaseous... Every water molecule is made up of two units of the element hydrogen and one unit of the element oxygen" (nyu.edu whyzz.com)


And what is the molecular oxygen?
"A molecule that is composed of two oxygen atoms, O2, that has no color, odor, or taste. It is present in both the atmosphere and the oceans, and solar radiation with wavelengths less then 242 nm can break it back into oxygen atoms, O2 ---> O + O. One of these oxygen radicals in turn can combine with O2 to form ozone, O2 + O ---> O3." (ozoneservices.com)


And what is oxygen atom?

Basic Information
Name: Oxygen
Symbol: O
Atomic Number: 8
Atomic Mass: 15.9994 amu
Melting Point: -218.4 °C (54.750008 K, -361.12 °F)
Boiling Point: -183.0 °C (90.15 K, -297.4 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 8
Number of Neutrons: 8
Classification: Non-metal
Crystal Structure: Cubic
Density @ 293 K: 1.429 g/cm3
Color: colorless


(chemicalelements.com historyforkids.org)


And what is proton?
Here I come the main question.

• Have anybody found what is the proton, or the electron or the neutron?
• Do we have a specific photo of them?
• Are all the protons inside at all atoms the same? If they are the same, so each atom has specific number of them in order to serve some properties. Who has set these properties?
• So all this universe has been made from these three small parts? 
• Who and when set these standard chemical elements, that are the same for ever?

Very simple questions that have not yet answered from anyone. I am waiting for your opinion.